• Factors affecting the efficiency and productivity of cement kiln operations.
• Factors affecting clinker product quality.
• Factors affecting safety and emissions to the environment:
  
  
  

· Module 1– Factors affecting the efficiency and productivity of cement kiln operations.

Combination and combinability – combination of the raw materials into the clinker minerals:

(a) Thermodynamics
(b) Calcination of CaCO3
(c) Zur Strassen theories
(d) Raw material mineralogical effects
(e) Intermediate combination products
(f) Inhibitors
(g) Fluxes & mineralisers Cyclic phenomena:

(a) Mechanism
(b) Hot mineral interactions
(c) Internal & external cycles

· Module 2 – Factors affecting clinker product quality.

(a) Phase Equilibria:
(b) CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system
(c) Deviation from Bogue mineralogy
(d) Crystal forms & polymorphs
(e) Combustion & reduction

· Module 3 – Factors affecting safety and emissions to the environment:

(a) Dust
(b) CO and THCs
(c) Acid Gases
(d) Heavy Metals
(e) Dioxins & Furans
(f) Heavy Metals